Development

Open Access Article

1 - Pharmaceutical Industry’s R&D in Developing Countries Case Study: India
Seyede Sedighe Jalalpour Faranak Nadi

10.7508/jstpi.2015.02.005

Research and Development plays a key role in creating knowledge and technology, hence planning and investment in this area is too important for countries to keep their permanency of competitive advantages. For the time beingdeveloping countries from one side, aretypical More

Research and Development plays a key role in creating knowledge and technology, hence planning and investment in this area is too important for countries to keep their permanency of competitive advantages. For the time beingdeveloping countries from one side, aretypicallyimportinghigh technologyfromdeveloped countries, and from the other sidein recent years supply of domestic healthcareneeds faced with new barriers such as high costof drugs and the emergence of new international. Consequently the situation leads to formation and enabling of domestic R&D in Pharmaceutical industry. this paper have considered the situation of Pharmaceutical industry’s R&D in developing countries and then examined the related theories, Having in mind the India’s achievements in Pharmaceutical industry through adoption and implementation of appropriate R&D policies,. India's experiences in Pharmaceutical industry especially in bio technology looked over and finally the pass through manner of India from 1947 till now is presented in a suitable framework. The framework’s features consist of types of R&D, forms of innovation (product or process) and the time with in each period. It may used as guidance for R&D activities in Pharmaceutical industry in other developing countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the Development of Economic Activities in Malaysia
Saeed KiyanPour Roya Tolaei

In The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteris More

In The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteristics of small and medium enterprises, including flexibility in face with market changes, rapid attainment of the activities, initiatives and high motivation of staffs and limited initial capital requirements, have caused growth, innovation and economic dynamism in transition economies of the firms. This study aimed to identify small and medium sized manufacturing firms with rapid growth, and determine their contribution to the Malaysian economy. Malaysia's Vision 2020 has planned development policies through enterprise and small business enhancement. These companies play a significant role in the economic breakthrough of Malaysia. These companies have allocated 93.8% of the operating companies in the industrial sector, 27.3% of total manufacturing production, 25.8% of value-added in production, 27.6% of the fixed assets and 38.9% of the employees of the country. Evidences suggest that these companies have major contribution in national economic development in Malaysia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Enhancing Transfer Capacity and Capability of Commercializing Technological Achievements of Research and Technology Organizations by Establishing Business Development Centers
Reza Bandarian

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technol More

The goal of conducting researches in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) is for technological innovation to create new business opportunities, renovation or revolutionizing existing businesses. To do this, RTOs put the technological ideas in the path of technology development and commercialization. To move in this way successfully, the balanced and consistent "scientific-technical" as well as "commercial movement of technological ideas is required. One of the best patterns to balance the commercial evolution with the "scientific-technical" path, which are seen in successful and leading RTOs around the world is establishing "technological business development center". The mission of business development centers in RTOs is to implement the commercialization requirements in the process of technology development and provide consultancy and technical, economic and commercial assistance, regarding their technological achievements to those currently entering the commercialization phase. These services include the fundamental principles of business development based on their technological achievements of their organization and for their potential and current customers. This article first points out the necessity and importance of the technological business development center in RTOs and then presents the definition and functions of those centers in RTOs. Finally ends with conclusion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Proposing Conceptual Framework for Measuring Structural Capital in University
Alireza Ghezel Majid Ramezan Mohammad reza Zahedi

In a knowledge-based economy, products and companies live and die on information and the most successful companies are the ones who use their intangible assets better and faster. Organizations are aware that knowledge is their most valuable and strategic resource in the More

In a knowledge-based economy, products and companies live and die on information and the most successful companies are the ones who use their intangible assets better and faster. Organizations are aware that knowledge is their most valuable and strategic resource in the present business environment. Knowledge management and intellectual capital approaches have become critical for universities, mainly due to the fact that universities’ main goals are the production and knowledge dissemination. Managers know they have to manage the process of learning and measure its outcomes and knowledge-based organizational resources, if they want to be competitive. Intellectual capital (IC) is a new approach which helps us face with barriers and problems of higher education system. It is the key successful element for knowledge-based organizations such as universities-. The managers of universities have to identify their IC, measure and manipulate it effectively. However, in the past few years, the problem of quantifying and accounting the value and explaining the components of the organization’s intellectual capital it has been questioned. Thus, this research tries to present indicators to measure structural capital (as one of the main parts of intellectual capital) by reviewing different frameworks in this field. At the end, we identified three Dimensions including Infrastructural Capital, Research and Development Capital, Knowledge Infrastructural Capital, using eight components and 50 indicators to measure these parameters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigation Effects of Science and Technology Park on Economic Development
Ramezanali Shourmij Mahsa Asadi

Different researches have emphasized the role of science and Technology Parks in regional development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scientific and technological town on local economic development. The paradigm of this research is quantitative a More

Different researches have emphasized the role of science and Technology Parks in regional development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scientific and technological town on local economic development. The paradigm of this research is quantitative and our objective is practical implemented by correlation method. Statistical population of survey contains all companies in Isfahan STP and 75 companies were estimated as the sample size using Cochran formula and the samples were selected randomly. The main tool of research was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and reliability of research confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85). The results showed that the most important the effect of STP on local economic development is the development of marketing services and improving economic situation of the company, the increased level of service is another effect. The exploratory factor analysis was utilized in the classification of effects and the results showed that five factors are accounted for 58/37%of features and the effects of STP. These effects include the production-market (31/02%), capital investments (7/49%), service (7/29%), education-counseling (7/11%), and communication (5/35%). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Comparative Study of the Effect of Innovation on Income Inequality
Abolfazll Shahabadi Sara Sarygol

In recent decades, the reduction of income inequality should be considered as the strategy of the major objectives of economic and social development and even the government. Therefore, analysis of income distribution and distributional effects of policies in order to i More

In recent decades, the reduction of income inequality should be considered as the strategy of the major objectives of economic and social development and even the government. Therefore, analysis of income distribution and distributional effects of policies in order to increase economic growth has gained importance. On the other hand, the ability to achieve creative innovation using human resources as the first step is to convert knowledge into wealth. So, considering the critical importance of innovation in modern economies, the present study investigated the role of innovation on income inequality of OPEC countries and selected the OECD developed countries during the period 1995-2009. The results suggest that the status of OPEC countries compared to OECD countries in both the Gini index as well as innovation is weak and undesirable, due to the lack of coordination between macro-economic policies from one side and research and educational policies form other side. Also based on the results, most countries with better support for innovative activities have shown better income distribution. Thus, the movement of countries with economy and capital resources oriention towards knowledge-based economy, innovative activities support and reduce income inequality are essential orientations for macro-economic policies along with research and educational policies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Iran in Comparison with other Outlook Countries in the Field of Entrepreneurial Growth
Saeed KiyanPour

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important and necessary strategies in developing and developed countries. But, the truth is that one of the fundamental steps for the development of entrepreneurship is its assessment. Entrepreneurship evaluation should be done based More

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important and necessary strategies in developing and developed countries. But, the truth is that one of the fundamental steps for the development of entrepreneurship is its assessment. Entrepreneurship evaluation should be done based on indexes and global standards so that not only provides a clear picture to the status of entrepreneurship at the national level, But also, provides the possibility of measuring and comparing to the other countries in the field of entrepreneurship development. More than 95percent of the world GDP formed by the Members of GEM. GEM Programs are evaluated based on three indicators: "perceptions and entrepreneurial tendencies," "entrepreneurial activities" and "entrepreneurial passion". Among the 67 countries, Iran is ranked 30th based on Toddler entrepreneurs’ index equals to 11 percent. This index has increasing trend in the past five years, and its value is much greater than the other countries in Middle East. Also the Index of Entrepreneurial Intent in Iran equals to 28/22%, and our country is in 35th place among 67 countries. The Opportunity-oriented entrepreneurship index has grown among other entrepreneurial activity index, (from 5.67% in 1390 to 6.24% in 1391). This means that mandatory Entrepreneurship has decreased. Also the understanding of entrepreneurial opportunities index has increased from 32% in 1390 to 39/2% in 1391. Finally, for fear index of failure, Iran is in 39th place among 67 countries that shows the Iranian low-risk tendency for starting a business. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Comparative Analogy about the Scale of Using of Effective Elements in Technology Transfer with the MCDM Procedure (Case Study: Steel Industry Corporations)
Sedigh Reisi Mahmood Mahdizadeh Hadi Heydari Ghare Bagh Mojtaba Pirhadi

Nowadays, Technology management is one of the most important tools to improve and develope production of goods and services. In recent years due to the accelerating in scientific progresses, many countries adopted technology transferring. This research comparatively st More

Nowadays, Technology management is one of the most important tools to improve and develope production of goods and services. In recent years due to the accelerating in scientific progresses, many countries adopted technology transferring. This research comparatively studies the usage of effective factors affecting technology transfer. Considering the results of key factors identified by technology transferr process and using the effective factors for the Iranian steel industry a model was proposed to evaluate the technology transfer process in the above mentioned industry.. This paper is conducted to determine the extension of technology transfer matching with the effective factors. Considering successful experiences in implementation of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods to analyse the technology transfer projects, this method was used to rank and find the priority of each of the identified effective factors. For the purpose of this study, questionniers where developed to collect the required information. Moreover, the stability of questionnaire was determined by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 that can be considered well acceptable. To do the statistical analysis we applied statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software to perform descriptive methods, one sample student’s t-test, two sample student’s t-test, and mean comparison tests. Finally, some advices have been presented to improve chance of success and effectiveness of technology transfer projects in Iran based on the proposed model and the results of evaluations and analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Science and Technology Parks and Incubators with a Global Perspective
Majid Soleymani

Scientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reach More

Scientific researches considered as one of the main and the most important ways in finding the obscure and hidden facts about the universe as well as discovering new resources and strategies for problems and necessities of human being and the society. in line with reaching the country's development objectives, the role of universities and research centers in establishing social institutions and foundations which are in deal with such centers, is highly effective. Comprehensive and expanded protection of policymakers and officials from science and technology development centers and parks in addition to adopting new managing methods, would lay the necessary grounds for achieving the associated objectives. It is obvious that filling the existing gap between universities and other sectors such as industry, agriculture, health, etc, As well as transfer of knowledge and technology through such centers would be facilitated. That is, the science and technology parks accelerate the economic knowledge-based growth and development. Science and technology parks as research and development units can solve lots of existing problems and improve the situation and condition. With a glance to some of the units' activities it can be grasped that they have not been fully utilized yet. From many important factors, the lack of sound resource and facilitates distribution based on priorities, and lack of required decision adoption by innovation and technology policy makers and planners, different communication, law, and regulation problems lead to lack of suitable utilization. One of the patterns which presented for solving such a problem is the utilization of intermediary organizations and institutions in the cycle of the research to the market which could be realigned through establishing science and technology parks. Science and technology parks play essential role in creating and developing technology institution and professional research centers. Farther more, such R&D units would facilitate the aggregation and technical cooperation with its complimentary units such as engineering services companies, engineering and designing institutes, and professional research centers. Also, it provides suitable connection for funding and addressing the groups adjusted with R&D activities. This article by mentioning the establishment and characteristics of Iranian science and technology parks, explains the general situation of such centers are explained based on geographical conditions and establishing bodies as well as the numerous of center categorized based on dependence type and their different activities and international organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Effective Methods of Technology Transfer
Amir Hosein Amir khani Mohammad Javad Esfandiari

20.1001.1.17355486.1391.8.31.1.4

Today transfer of the new and superior technology As one of the Method of maintaining competitive advantage. Technology Transfer be a shortcut of accessing new technology for developing countries (like ours), and to reach this goal, technology transfer process should co More

Today transfer of the new and superior technology As one of the Method of maintaining competitive advantage. Technology Transfer be a shortcut of accessing new technology for developing countries (like ours), and to reach this goal, technology transfer process should completely considered. Getting familiar with preventive and movement factors of technology, will help to reduce the failure rate of technology tranfer. Upon providing a multi-aspect definition of technology, this paper intends to define two methods of accessing technology, one is transferring from other countries and the other is self accessing technologies. There are three major parts in technology transfer process: - Selection & obtaining of technology - Compliance, application and absorption of technology - Promotion & Distribution of technology It is tried to explain technology transfer process, effective factors, its obstacles, necessities and any effects of which in economic development. Lack of localization is one of the major reasons of failure in technology transferm which is considered by explaining the most important reasons which causes research & development institutes fail on localization process of imported technologies. Furthermore in order to find required success in technology transfer, it is a need of receiving companies of technology to manage finding tacit knowledge of it as well. Finally it is explained the importance of tacit knowledge and required fields for any transfer of knowledge. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Comparative Analytic Approach to Research & Development in Iran and Some Developed Countries
Morteza Jamali Paghalue Ehsan Shafiezadeh

20.1001.1.17355486.1391.8.31.3.6

The importance of investment on Research and Development (R&D) has been assumed as a clear and obvious matter in advanced industrial countries, and today it is the R&D that will determine how to allocate the budget and financial issues. Now, investment in R&D units is c More

The importance of investment on Research and Development (R&D) has been assumed as a clear and obvious matter in advanced industrial countries, and today it is the R&D that will determine how to allocate the budget and financial issues. Now, investment in R&D units is considered as a competitive advantage. Nowadays, only those countries are able to participate and survive on competitive challenges at the international levels which are determined consistently to employ the latest technologies and it cannot be obtained unless they possess dynamic and globally-adjusted R&D centers. In this paper, overviewing the literature of this regard, we go through the analysis and description of R&D success factors and its position in Iran and some developed countries such as Japan, USA, and China. Following an adaptive comparison, some solutions are portrayed to improve the place of research in Iran. In the first step, is the government via providing financial support, facilities, and encouraging and promising environment for the researchers, and in the second step, researchers should engage in innovation and service to our country via strengthening national loyalty and learning about the latest scientific methods in the world,. Especially universities -as thinker entities and society’s great scientific and cultural sources- must establish science-based approach as the dominant thought and endeavor toward applying the researches in the country. This will obtain through constant and proper communication between institutions and academic research centers, and spreading the culture of science and research among the public. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Corporate Entrepreneurship; a Solution for Commercialization of Technological Research Findings in Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs)
Reza Bandarian

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, indust More

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated commercialization processes. Commercialization of technological research findings is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out commercialization process by themselves. In the other hand, industries which are in competitive environment, for sustainable growth require superior new products and technologies which enable them in competitive scope. Industries often have frequent financial and human resources and this leads to their advantage to commercialization process, because those assets provide possibility for adapting huge risk. The lost ring in this chain is the link between RTOs as the developer of technology and industries as the adapter of technology. Entrepreneurship could solve this problem by providing this lost ring and linking RTOs and industries. Corporate entrepreneurship is one of the entrepreneurship types and is defined as some entrepreneurship among the available corporate companies. Entrepreneurship looks for introducing new products and organizational systems in the scope of corporate. Entrepreneurship has five different kinds and each of them carries out entrepreneurship in its own style. Among these, Acquisitive and Opportunistic entrepreneurship have the highest fitness to enrich and enhance coexisting relation between industries and RTOs to commercialize technological findings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Policy Making for R&D Centers According to Idea to Market Process; Case Study Iran Petroleum Industry
Seyed mahameddin Tabatabaei

Nowadays, R&D is becoming one of the most important pillars of corporations. But there are several different and diverse approaches regarding the structure and position of R&D department in corporations. Most of the large companies have in-house R&D department. Except More

Nowadays, R&D is becoming one of the most important pillars of corporations. But there are several different and diverse approaches regarding the structure and position of R&D department in corporations. Most of the large companies have in-house R&D department. Except corporate R&D, also independent research and development organizations has been established in many countries to promote scientific and technological capabilities. Each of these two types of research and development organizations has a special mission then policy making for them requires a particular process. The aim of this paper is to policy making for research and development organizations according to idea to market process. For this purpose, first, the elements of idea to market process and then the types of research and development organizations, including corporate and non corporate were described. Then different types of structures of corporate R&D ( in large organization ) will be defined and policies for the duties and nature of their activities in centralized and decentralized sectors of corporate R&D (in hybrid R&D structures) based on the elements of the idea to market process are discussed. Next, the proposed principles for the oil industry as the country's largest industry, which has several research and development departments as a case study, have been applied and finally suggestions for improving research and development in the petroleum industry are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Looking at Science and Technology through the lens of Human development: Relationship between innovation and inequality
Parisa Riyahi Mohammad Amin Ghanee Rad

Policy decisions are shaped by policy makers’ conceptualization of development. Development is a value based and normative concept, and accordingly, there are various approaches to it. Science is the key to the creation of wealth in a "national economic development appr More

Policy decisions are shaped by policy makers’ conceptualization of development. Development is a value based and normative concept, and accordingly, there are various approaches to it. Science is the key to the creation of wealth in a "national economic development approach". Therefore, policy makers invest on human and social capital as valuable assets. Firms are important because they could cause growth and wealth. According to the literature in this field, there is a positive correlation between innovation and inequality. It means that inequality will increase by increasing innovation. But the wealth derived from innovation can later be used to reduce that inequality. In contrast, the concern for "human development approach" is improving human quality of life, and speaks about Pro-poor, Para-poor, and Per-poor innovations. Some economists argue about development as freedom and improvement of people capabilities. The concern for "capability approach" is improving human opportunities, eliminating inequalities, and achieving justice. Freedom and capability are prerequisites for people creativity. Because of the paradoxes in different development approaches mentioned above, in this article the relationship between innovation and inequality is examined and a negative correlation is found. Less social and human capabilities has resulted in less innovation and more inequalities in various dimensions. Therefore, a greater emphasis on enhancing human capabilities is recommended in policy making efforts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Reviewing Challenges of New Product Development Process in Small-Medium Enterprises Case study:Select Food and Drink Industries of Fars province
Reza Talei Far Seyed Hosein Hatami nasab

Success in new product development (NPD) projects is a crucial challenge for the past and present managers. Actually researchers have still problems finding the reason for the high rate of failure in such projects. Failure of these projects in small and medium enterpris More

Success in new product development (NPD) projects is a crucial challenge for the past and present managers. Actually researchers have still problems finding the reason for the high rate of failure in such projects. Failure of these projects in small and medium enterprises is a bigger problem compared to large companies. So some of these failures may endanger life of these units and result in the closure of these units. Therefore, in this research the challenges of product development in these companies have been surveyed in particular. For this purpose, opinions of experts and managers of firms in small and medium-size food industries of Fars province have been surveyed and then practical solutions and suggestions have been mentioned. In this study after extensive reviewing of research literature, a series of identified effective challenges and with considering the opinions of managers, significant challenges with degree of their importance within the firms have been mentioned. The results explain that from view of managers of under study, the units in connection with the effective challenges on new product development between the current status and the ideal situation there are significant gaps such as: estimating incorrect suitable market, lack of adequate research and development issues, lack of appropriate and sufficient distribution channels and lack of appropriate advertising for offering new products to the market have been discussed as the challenges. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Contrastive Analysis of Approaches and Frameworks in Evaluating Innovation
Seyed Nooroddin Daronkolaei Hoseynreza Alizadeh Vlokolaei

The literature existing in innovation evaluation can be studied in two ways: 1) innovation evaluation at company level 2) innovation evaluation at national level. Innovation evaluation at company level is useful to make decisions in allocation of resources for innovatio More

The literature existing in innovation evaluation can be studied in two ways: 1) innovation evaluation at company level 2) innovation evaluation at national level. Innovation evaluation at company level is useful to make decisions in allocation of resources for innovation activities, to choose the fields in which innovation is expected to produce high economical return, and also to manage innovation strategies inside the enterprises. At national level policymakers need the information acquired from innovation evaluation in studying the existing situation, future developments trend, getting feedback from positive and negative effects of the existing policies, and making appropriate policies. According to the literature related to the title of the study, we have tried to mention the similarities and differences of the studies done in innovation evaluation by contrastive analysis of them. In similarity section, innovation process and technological changes measurement are mentioned. Also in differences section the level of analysis and providing indicators for measuring all three fields of systematic process of innovation are mentioned. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - A Review of Technology Status in Iran's Development Plans
Behrooz Arbab Shirani Hasan KIhakbaz

In recent years, there is an increasing trend in paying attention to knowledge-based development in both developed and developing countries. Since education, research and technology are key components of this development, it is necessary to have comprehensive plans in v More

In recent years, there is an increasing trend in paying attention to knowledge-based development in both developed and developing countries. Since education, research and technology are key components of this development, it is necessary to have comprehensive plans in various areas of science, research and technology. Fortunately, this movement has been considered by policymakers and planners in Iran in recent years. Based on Iran's 20-Year Development Vision Plan (2005-2025) which is the most important plan of the country, Iran will move toward becoming a developed country that has the first position in the region in terms of economy, science and technology. To achieve this vision, four 5-year plans have been defined, the first of which is the fourth development plan (2005-2009). One chapter of Iran's fourth development plan is dedicated to knowledge-based development which clearly points to science and technology issues. By the same token, the fifth development plan bill was sent to the parliament by the government and also part of this plan is dedicated to science and technology. But the main orientation of these programs is not accurate strategies for technology development. Science would be useful if it can be converted to wealth. Therefore, conducting applied research and technology development is very important. Throughout the full- paper we explain the importance of country's development plans in the field of science, research and technology and discuss the status of technology in Iran's third, fourth and fifth development plans. Finally, after analyzing the current situation, we express some key strategies to increase the effectiveness of development plans in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Technology Commercialization as the Effective Function in Technology and Economy Development
Reza Radfar Abbas Khamseh Hesameddin Madani

Nowadays, research has been received a great attention due to innovation and also the innovation is being observed because of economic wealth. In present world, the concept of research has lost its meaning from the cultural point of view, while its and economical functi More

Nowadays, research has been received a great attention due to innovation and also the innovation is being observed because of economic wealth. In present world, the concept of research has lost its meaning from the cultural point of view, while its and economical function has been greatly magnified. Commercialization is the important part of innovation process and no technology and product would come into market successfully without it. Producing contexts for knowledge and technology, can create noticeable economical values for organizations, and also leads to economical and technological growth of the society. In this paper, we try to introduce the technology commercialization and its process, and also reviewing the importance of technology commercialization and its role in development of new technologies. Along with it, the important functions which are effective in technology commercialization and its success, classification, and technology commercialization risks will be reviewed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Intellectual Property Management: The Case of Research Institute of Petroleum Industry
Seyed Kamran Bagheri Sasan Sadraei

The emergence of petroleum industry in Iran dates back to more than a century ago and the industry has played a major role in the countrys economy from the very beginning. However, when it comes to the required technologies, the industrys dependency on foreign companies More

The emergence of petroleum industry in Iran dates back to more than a century ago and the industry has played a major role in the countrys economy from the very beginning. However, when it comes to the required technologies, the industrys dependency on foreign companies is evident. Independent technology development, on the other hand, is not an easy task since it requires a tight interconnection with Intellectual Property (IP) management. The industrys failure in independently developing its technological needs, can hence be partially attributed to mismanagement of IP. This paper investigates the role of IP and its management in an industrial context, focusing on industries actively pursuing high technological capabilities. Afterward, the petroleum industry and the role of IP management therein are reviewed. Finally the achievements of Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) in managing its IP portfolio are introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - : Launching New Technology to Existing Industries; A Solution for Facilitating Commercialization
Ahmad Mosaei

Research results without commercialization could not be sources of public welfare and national wealth. Undoubtedly, commercialization and transferring research findings to the industry and market area is one of the complicated stages of innovation process. One of the wa More

Research results without commercialization could not be sources of public welfare and national wealth. Undoubtedly, commercialization and transferring research findings to the industry and market area is one of the complicated stages of innovation process. One of the ways to overcome this challenge is benefiting from existing industries or plants which has required equipments for industrialization of technology and also has free capacity. In this paper, at first the benefits of utilizing existing industries for commercialization some of new technologies are described. Then a scientific methodology introduced to explain and implement the ability to launch of new technologies into existing plant in Research institute for Petroleum Industry (RIPI). This methodology benefits from principles of modular design and robust design. After introducing the methodology, a case study is presented which has been carried out by this methodology to launch a new technology in one of the existing plants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The Necessity of Considering the Development of New Products and the Role of Innovation, Technology and R&D in it
Abass Khamse Reza Radfar Ali Sarafrazz Davood Sarafrazz

In todays world of economy, many of organizations are looking for elements of creating competetive advantages. The process of developing new products for different kinds of product/service organizations, is considered as competetive advantage. Development of New product More

In todays world of economy, many of organizations are looking for elements of creating competetive advantages. The process of developing new products for different kinds of product/service organizations, is considered as competetive advantage. Development of New products will help organizations to keep their competetive and monopolistic positions in competetive market. In this paper we try to introduce development of new product, directions, patterns and its process, and also consider the goals and reasons of the imporance of development of new products. So, we will consider the role of innovation, R&D, technology and management in new product development process. We would also investigate the important factors which are seems to be important in fail and success of the new product development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Consequences of Globalization of Research and Development on the Economic Development of Countries
Laleh Haghighat

Research and development have come to a global shape with developing information technology and communicating networks. Also advancing the science and especially engineering is going to be practical that leads cooperation among industries, researchers, and organizations More

Research and development have come to a global shape with developing information technology and communicating networks. Also advancing the science and especially engineering is going to be practical that leads cooperation among industries, researchers, and organizations. Since accessing to the new technology and economics development in developing countries leads to large investments and development in the area of research, so these countries must try to obtain major technologies using foreign investments and then try to develop them using their own innovation. Therefore, globalization of research and development by ultra-national organization and decentralization of research and development units will result in the economic development. It seems that globalization can be a solution to the most of the economic problems. Nowadays, global economy is organized based on the information process management and networks, so that a new version of international economy in different theories can be imagined. Economy is a scientific network organized by information control paradigm and assessed by different variables. This method provides effective management mechanisms for the formation of a new version of different economies. In this way, the economic processes will be modified and a new version of economic relations would emerge. Meanwhile using information technology will lead to business development, facilitating economic relationships and providing the possibility of different activities for the organization. There is also a meaningful a correlation between the highly developed countries and the countries with large investments in research and development. So the importance of developing research and development is highlighted for the developing countries. This article will discuss the consequences of globalization of research and development on the economic development of countries, as well as the obstacles and opportunities resulted from that; like better production, job opportunities and higher income in developing countries. It also reviews the important factors which can lead to the development of economic network. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Transfer of Technology by Clean Development Mechanism
Seyed Ghasem Noori najafi Amir abbas Sedighi

Although the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) does not have an explicit technology transfer mandate, it may contribute to technology transfer by financing emission reduction projects using technologies currently not available in the host countries. This paper analyzes More

Although the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) does not have an explicit technology transfer mandate, it may contribute to technology transfer by financing emission reduction projects using technologies currently not available in the host countries. This paper analyzes the claims of technology transfer made by project participants in the project design documents for 3296 registered and proposed CDM projects. Roughly 36% of the projects accounting for 59% of the annual emission reductions claim to involve technology transfer. Technology transfer is more common for larger projects and projects with foreign participants. Technology transfer is very heterogeneous across project types and usually involves both knowledge and equipment. The technology originates mostly from Japan, Germany, the USA, France, and Great Britain. The rate of technology transfer is significantly higher than the average for several host countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam and significantly lower than average for Brazil, China, and India. As the number of projects increases, technology transfer occurs beyond the individual projects. This is observed for several project types in China and Brazil. For most project types, project developers appear to have a choice among a number of domestic and/or foreign technology suppliers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The role of research and development in economic development of the countries
Mahnaz Rabiei

The cost of research and development and technology improvement result in cost decrease, productivity improvement and export growth. New Technologies cause enhancement in production factors and create further variations in productions. Furthermore, technologies create c More

The cost of research and development and technology improvement result in cost decrease, productivity improvement and export growth. New Technologies cause enhancement in production factors and create further variations in productions. Furthermore, technologies create changes in comparative cost of production, and increase the comparative advantages in corporations and ultimately in the countries. Research, development and innovation costs, and new technologies allow corporations to improve their production abilities; thus resulting in capacity growth, cost reduction, quality improvement, and timely delivery. Unique characteristics of Innovation and new ideas are not challengeable. For example, achievements in a new method, will give others easier access, without causing interruptions to the previous users. Therefore, such products are produced once and can be mass-produced then after. In this article, the importance of research and development in the growth of value added through an endogenous growth is explained. While revising Romer's endogenous model of growth, a mathematic model for Iran's economic growth was made and the effects of R&D, spillovers resulted from R&D, labor force, physical capital and human resource based on OLS was evaluated. While considering the effects of innovation management in R&D improvement, other effects of innovation management were also analyzed. This article intends to analyze the effects of R&D throughout the country and innovation management within corporations to obtain economic growth Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Explanation of Research and Developments Networking Effect in the Valus Improvement of SMEs
Abass Khamse Reza Radfar

In the recent years, importance and the role of small and medium enterprises was on the increase in industrial and developing countries. With the appearance of modern technology in the production and communications, some transitions have been created in the ways of prod More

In the recent years, importance and the role of small and medium enterprises was on the increase in industrial and developing countries. With the appearance of modern technology in the production and communications, some transitions have been created in the ways of production, distribution and organizational structure of agencies, and in this regard the importance of small and medium units has been found an upward movement. Developed countries and recently developed ones, have always applied special policies and strategies for improvement of small and medium industries and facilitating of enterprises entrance in the economical arena. They have applied those strategies for the competitions guarantee in the free market and restraint of big companies monopolization. Networking is referred to groups of enterprises which have cooperation in the special project with each other, and are using their own specialties for overcoming the usual and common difficulties, and gaining access to better efficiency. Networks are propounded in the universal trading subjects as a strong situation and condition, and have considered in the modern trading realm since 90s. Its importance as assistance in the creation of innovations in small and medium enterprises has been considered increasingly. Because small and medium enterprises have similar bonds, difficulties and opportunities, so they are providing the same networking policy strategy, the suitable networking facilities that are proportional with necessities and requirements of small and medium enterprises. Furthermore, clustering and networking of small and medium enterprises are considered as an important informational source and ideas creation for the process and productions innovations. On the other hand, the related small and medium enterprises can have the continual research and development, in which total sum of expenses is less than the research and developments expenses of each one solitarily and separately. In addition, products development, processs recovery, common consultation and coordination in the processs recovery of small and medium enterprises, which have been located in the networking discipline, are more fruitful than the processing and consultation of the distinct small and medium enterprises.Adoption of standard certificates and their related codes for the networking organizations is more accessible and cheaper. Also the instructional networks are providing this possibility, for accessing to the continual educational sources, for all small and medium enterprises in the networks. And finally advantages which obtained from the formation of small and medium enterprises networks can fulfill their needs in relation to their entrance to the universal competition arena. In this essay it was tried to consider the role of research and development networking among the small and medium enterprises and study the opportunities and problems which obtained from that. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages and benefits of clustering and networking among the small and medium enterprises. The creation of values which obtained from research and development networking in the success and development of small and medium enterprises in the competition market will be analyzed too. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Role of R&D on Job Creation and Value Added of Small and Medium Enterprises
Bita Faramarzpour Darzini Nasrin Khandan

The organization economic co-operation and development (O.E.C.D) gives the definition of R&D as a creative work which is done based on systematic structure in order to find new usage out of technical and scientific resulted knowledge. Before the second world war, only a More

The organization economic co-operation and development (O.E.C.D) gives the definition of R&D as a creative work which is done based on systematic structure in order to find new usage out of technical and scientific resulted knowledge. Before the second world war, only a few non-governmental institutions did research about industries. But at the time of the war, the R&D works developed quickly and the complexity of R&D works increased, so that resulted in improvement of new products. R&D importance and governments support and R&D proportion of GDP shows countries development ratio. In the present article, in order to have a better survey of R&Ds position and its network coincreasing ratio in Iran; at first librarian studies were done and some developed countries supporting samples were reviewed. All of them showed that relationship and network creation between R&D units in governmental and nongovernmental sectors in our country, accompanied with the relationship between industry and university. This, can be practical in the best way in form of reinforcing of technology and science parks model. Then the R&D position is studied in Kerman industries. According to managers opinions, many of them emphasized R&D and started to build R&D units and they believed, it is so effective in profitability and value creation. But the important point is the supporting role of the government and the better effort to make the result of the researches applicable and the works of R&D in form of network. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Policies and Programs for Development of Science and Technology in Todays China
Fereydoon Verdi nejad

There is a great and considerable distance between todays china and the past china. From the first of 1978 up to now, the promotion of economic reform, and sustainable open door policies, was the main movement of changes in the chinas economy structure. Based on the gov More

There is a great and considerable distance between todays china and the past china. From the first of 1978 up to now, the promotion of economic reform, and sustainable open door policies, was the main movement of changes in the chinas economy structure. Based on the government strategies, the Chinese economy had a good and controlled acceleration and improvement. After two decades of reform, in spite of important plans and policies in developing private sector, there is still some monopoly applied by the commonest party, and the education, Research and development plans still are under government control. China government has succeeded in absorbing huge amount of investment with the help of high technologies, foreign management, adjusting laws and regulations, applying incentive policies, using know-how and offering special facilities. From a pragmatic point of view, to achieve these goals in china, some projects and plans has been done such as special economic zones, developing science and technology parks and special training and research projects. In this paper we investigate the fact that how can we customize these experiences and ideas in economic development in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Modeling an Urban Incubator for Tehran City
Mehdi Kanuani

One of the major priorities of each big citys developing plan is to support & promote SMEs through Incubators. This policy has played a key role in innovation, entrepreneurship & economical growth. Entrepreneurs play as a growth motor for the economics of the cities. So More

One of the major priorities of each big citys developing plan is to support & promote SMEs through Incubators. This policy has played a key role in innovation, entrepreneurship & economical growth. Entrepreneurs play as a growth motor for the economics of the cities. So in most countries, various laws & facilities have been developed for supporting them. In our country, the capital city “Tehran” is the largest city in the country and developing an Urban Incubator in Tehran will play the role of a pilot plan for the other cities. Then this article by analyzing available trends and models in other cities, intends to make a model for supporting SMEs in Tehran city by Urban Incubators and its infrastructure and sub-structures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - A Development Bank for Small and Medium Enterprises in Iran (SME bank of IRAN)
Mohammad reza Edraki

Financial supports just include a part of SMEs essential needs which will be performed through Banking institutions, Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Leasing and Factoring Companies, Venture Capital Companies (VCs) to support and assist these Enterprises. But More

Financial supports just include a part of SMEs essential needs which will be performed through Banking institutions, Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Leasing and Factoring Companies, Venture Capital Companies (VCs) to support and assist these Enterprises. But development and formation new technical institutions in financial and advisory services lines from SMEs still seems to be necessary. SME Bank of Iran is one of these new and necessary institutes which can be effective as a Development Financial Institution to initiate SMEs businesses, and responding to their special necessity. This Bank as a financial institute and through related financial and advisory proceses can help for financial supports and necessary supplement helps of SMEs. Advisory services in SME Bank of Iran, absolutely, must be presented in an integrated form for financial supports and venture creation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The Role of Government and Public Sector on Local Development of Innovation
Feredric Bogren Alireza Ayatollahi

In scientific environment, technology is the primover of local development, and innovation is the essence of economic growth. Technological development in regions, cities and rural regions is as total and integrated development. This paper, first discusses about technol More

In scientific environment, technology is the primover of local development, and innovation is the essence of economic growth. Technological development in regions, cities and rural regions is as total and integrated development. This paper, first discusses about technological innovation and effect of geographic proximity of industries and research centers at national, regional and urban levels. In other words this paper focuses on this question that “Does this proximity helps the growth of innovation and technology. There are many questions about national development. For example Does geographic proximity of industries help innovation and technology growth?, Does this matter accelerate national development or vice versa? will ICT, telecommunication and transportation decrease the cost and problem of industries and their expertise? Or is it cause of centralization in policy and reduction of country and urban logistic effects? This paper also discusses about technology incubators in central region of France and technology transfer between them and a science and research network in order to facilitate technology transfer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Determining the Priorities in Science Parks by Using Fuzzy DEMATEL Case Study of Sheikh-Bahai Science and Technology Park
mohammad ebrahim sadeghi asghat saud abadi saeed mirza mohammadi Mohammad mahdavi

10.7508/jstpi.2015.01.006

Science parks are known tools for incubation of knowledge-based firms. Recently, policy makers of science and technology of our country has paid attention to these institutions. The topic of this research was investigating the impact of these institutions on the develop More

Science parks are known tools for incubation of knowledge-based firms. Recently, policy makers of science and technology of our country has paid attention to these institutions. The topic of this research was investigating the impact of these institutions on the development of knowledge-based companies and identifying the key factors resulting in earning competitive advantages by located firms. After reviewing many researches in this field of study, key effective factors were identified and by using the experts, these factors were revised according to the circumstance of our country and placed in a proper framework. The framework consists of four aspects including: “human resource”, “R&D and technology transfer”, “facilities” and “market development” and twelve factors. The framework applied in Sheikh Bahai Science and Technology Park and the results obtained showed that in this park, facilities aspect needs special attention. This aspect had the highest significance in quadruple aspects and was the only aspect affecting Sheikh Bahai Science and Technology Park. Other aspects such as, “human resource”, “R&D and technology transfer”, and “market development” were effects of the aspects. The results of this research show that the development of knowledge based firms located in this park depends on facilities such as financial resources and primary physical infrastructure than human resource, research activities and marketing services. We suggest using this framework to find the aspects and factors influential the creation of competitive advantages and determining the action and planning priorities for other science and technology parks in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Identifying Priorities for Acquisition of Technology in an Industrial Organization Case Study of Middle-Class Vessels
Hosein Esbati Seyed Habibollah Tabatabaeiyan

10.7508/jstpi.2015.02.001

3000 km of coastline, access to the sea on the north and south of the country, access to the open water (Indian Ocean), are the advantages of the geographical area of marine and maritime industries that made a special place in the economy of the country. Transit maritim More

3000 km of coastline, access to the sea on the north and south of the country, access to the open water (Indian Ocean), are the advantages of the geographical area of marine and maritime industries that made a special place in the economy of the country. Transit maritime economy and maximum utilization of sea resources has confirmed the need to replacement of worn out vessels with Landing Crafts. For that matter, the most important goals of this R&D are sea freight, transition and achieving the capacity of producing landing craft vessel. Investors and suppliers to meet the needs of customers in a competitive environment must decide: 1) domestic production, 2) transfer of technology, and 3) a combination of both. This paper has initially studied definitions of technology and technology transfer and different aspects of technology acquisition process, the identification, selection, transfer, exploitation and dissemination. The decision models presented by little and Ford have been studied, based on the data, a model for the study was provided. In the first phase, the project was developed Executive structure of acquisition and division of Duties. The second step is the most important activities, assessment capabilities and industry suppliers that are identified and assessed. Data were analyzed by Ford Models. These results, created clear images for useful decision-making executives, Acquisition of the landing Craft boats were through a joint partnership action. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of access, internal development and transfer, has been studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Functional Analysis of Technological Innovation System in the new Generation of Digital Communication
Shara Aghajanian

10.7508/jstpi.2016.01.007

Digital communication industries with high growth rates in innovation have globally advanced and rapidly expanded. The industry has been extensively changing in the worldwide. Hence, it significantly changes the business models according to the technology of new generat More

Digital communication industries with high growth rates in innovation have globally advanced and rapidly expanded. The industry has been extensively changing in the worldwide. Hence, it significantly changes the business models according to the technology of new generation in digital communication. New generation technology with the emergence of creative destruction context, left the organizations by two compulsory alternatives, compliance with new system and success or destruction of the systems will be the result. Unlike many articles that considered the structural and functional analysis individually to assess the technological innovation system, the integrated process by considering structural analysis as a prerequisite of functional analysis have been applied. Literature review and industry related analysis is applied to gather eight functional factors, and also a questionnaire is designed. After data gathering, the phase of technological development analysis as a tools for prioritizing and analyzing the dependencies between the blocking functions are deployed that was rarely used in the literature. Therefore, the blocking and deriving factors are analysed and appropriate policies are made. Results show that the studied process is an appropriate framework for functional analysis and by the number of policies represented at the end, further researches are suggested. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - The Index of Research and Development Capabilities in the BRICS Countries (Brazil, Russia, India, china, the South Africa)
Sina Laleh

10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.006

Today, research and development and related activities in order to access the modern technology is major industrial activity in the world. Despite the increasing importance of research and development activities in developed countries in the last thirty years, developin More

Today, research and development and related activities in order to access the modern technology is major industrial activity in the world. Despite the increasing importance of research and development activities in developed countries in the last thirty years, developing countries have recently realized its integral importance. Actually, technology is an output of the research and development factory.The research and development units are infrastructure of technology and the greatest source of innovation. There are Various procedure to achive technology that reverse engineering is one of the most important. (especially in developing countries) In this essay, addition to review the literature of "research and development" and the factors affecting its capabilities, experiences of leading countries in this field (BRICS) will be checked in order to design a conceptual model to assess the research and development capabilities. In the end, we present some pieces of advice to reduce the problems and increase the quality and quantity level of R&D. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Smart Clothing; from Problem-Solving to Knowledge Generation
Morteza PourMohammadi Azam Neumati

10.7508/jstpi.2016.03.008

20.1001.1.17355486.1395.12.47.1.4

As a paradigm, design thinking has not accurate definition yet and could make sense during practical design activities. In addition, Sophisticated technology-driven products with high volume of unknowns, which considered as “wicked problems” have proposed to be solved b More

As a paradigm, design thinking has not accurate definition yet and could make sense during practical design activities. In addition, Sophisticated technology-driven products with high volume of unknowns, which considered as “wicked problems” have proposed to be solved by applying Design Thinking. Main purpose of this research is to investigate the design thinking role in such projects from problem-solving to knowlegde generation. At first, the opportunities and challenges in the design development process of smart clothing design project-as a wicked problem- surveyd through a descriptive-analytical method. Then as a case study, a practical smart clothing design project and his design thinkig dimentions discussed in detail. The findings of this article suggest design thinking as a systematic, creative and human-centered thinking beside treating as core research and managing design activities, could be the source of knowledge generation. The genarated knowlegde here includes redefining and shaping the problem, determine the level of technology integration, design issues, user requirements models and workflow; which in addition to facilitating the design solving process and reduce design errores, can be a true example of generalized problem solving And decision making pattern. Such approach to design thinking for wicked problems- Research through Design- pointed out the general knowledge of design activities(including the problem, methods and processes) is unknown at first phases, and the Generative nature of design thinking undertake this task, in other words design problem or brief will complete in parallel with solution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Analysis of the factors affecting R & D management and rank the factors with ANP techniques in the automotive industry (Case Study: Pars Khodro Company)
Abass Khamse shohreh ghanbariha fereydon ohadi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.02.006

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.50.4.0

This study developed in 8 of the R & D management model to analyze the factors affecting the Pars Khodro Company will pay R & D management. And determines the performance of the company. . -Pymayshy Descriptive research and data gathering instrument was a questionnaire More

This study developed in 8 of the R & D management model to analyze the factors affecting the Pars Khodro Company will pay R & D management. And determines the performance of the company. . -Pymayshy Descriptive research and data gathering instrument was a questionnaire which its validity with the judgment of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and SPSS software. Due to the limited population of the study, the total number method is used to rank the factors affecting the management of research and development in Pars Khodro Company of paired comparisons with ANP techniques using software is used SUPER DECISIONS. The results obtained from the software indicates that financial factors were ranked first and managerial factors responsible for learning and innovation, technological platforms, operating commercial, technical factors, the operating system have won the next rank. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Move Towards a Knowledge-based Economy by Examining the Interconnectedness of Input and Output Dimension in Global Indicators of Innovation
reza salami hossien mirzaee atiyeh safardoust

10.7508/jstpi.2017.03.003

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.51.4.2

In the current decade, knowledge based economy is a popular term in the scientific circles of the country. This word has attracted the attention of many scholars and experts. The global index of knowledge based economy has four foundations, and innovation is one of thes More

In the current decade, knowledge based economy is a popular term in the scientific circles of the country. This word has attracted the attention of many scholars and experts. The global index of knowledge based economy has four foundations, and innovation is one of these bases. In the area of innovation, Iran has less privilege than the global average. In order to promote the level of innovation and, consequently, the level of knowledge-based economy, using the global statistics in the field of knowledge based economy and innovation, in this paper first of all, we recognize the important input factors influencing the innovation and then we compare the status of these inputs with the global average. After identifying the weaknesses in the inputs, the status of these measures is reviewed in the Sixth Development Plan document. According to the findings, it was found that in the sixth program of development, only gross domestic product (GDP) per unit of energy consumption was pointed out, and no direct reference was made to other measures. Comparison of measures with the global average showed that in order to improve the output of innovation, the country needs to improve the level of research and development, knowledge workers, ICT and the political environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - The Model of Search Engine Project Impacts on Sustainable Development
Mohammad Azadnia Shamsossadat Zahedi Abdorreza Majjeddin Mohammadreza Pourabedi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.04.003

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.52.6.6

The concept of sustainable development has been introduced for the first time by the United Nations. In one of the UN meeting in 1972, emphasized on the fundamental human right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life in a healthy environment that allowed hi More

The concept of sustainable development has been introduced for the first time by the United Nations. In one of the UN meeting in 1972, emphasized on the fundamental human right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life in a healthy environment that allowed him to have a dignified and prosperous grant live. A set of tools has been developed in Search Engine project. These tools intended to provide a variety of services "such as Retrieving text, image, and map, Translation, Q&A, Social Network and so on", to attract more users and influence them in their lives and through their interaction with the cyber space, earn high incomes and provide a change in their lifestyle. This research is to study the effects of implementing search projects on the different aspects of sustainable development and presenting a conceptual model of this impact is another purpose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - The role of market and entrepreneurship orientation on the successof new product development
zeinab esfandyari mohammad javad naeiji

10.7508/jstpi.2017.04.001

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.52.7.7

This article examines the relationship between company orientation(entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation), internal control systems and new product development. Different researches results provide valuable insights on the role of the company orientation More

This article examines the relationship between company orientation(entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation), internal control systems and new product development. Different researches results provide valuable insights on the role of the company orientation in New Product development. Entrepreneurial orientation helps the companies to have personal control in order to have great improvement in new product development activities .on the other hand market orientation emphasis more in output control than personal control in new product development. Manages in firms that emphasize output controls are evaluated and rewarded on the basis of objective financial criteria. Personal control on the other hand, focuses on long-term performance rather than short term financial targets. Generally personal control requires more time and has a higher coordination cost than output control. In recent decades, companies consider new product as a source of competitive advantage and means of anticipating the competitors. Some marketing research have found the relationship between market orientation and new product development. The goal of market orientation is to satisfy current market needs, rather than to develop new products targeted at emerging new needs. Some researchers criticize market orientation ,They suggest that entrepreneurship orientation must replace with market orientation. Some researches focus on one of the orientation , on the other hand they ignore the role of internal control systems as a mediating variable . Therefore we survey this subject completely. This study in terms of methodology is descriptive correlation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Identify the Technological Risks of the New Product Development Process and Prioritize by the Analytical Network Process (ANP)
Abolfazl mirzaramazani Sayed Mahdi Golestan Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Massoud naserian

10.7508/jstpi.2018.01.003

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.14.53.6.1

Nowadays, Organizational survival depends on the tendency toward new products and the use of new ways to create them. Developing new product is a process through which a new product or a service is offered to the customers. More precisely, the new product development pr More

Nowadays, Organizational survival depends on the tendency toward new products and the use of new ways to create them. Developing new product is a process through which a new product or a service is offered to the customers. More precisely, the new product development process involves using resources and capabilities to create a new product or improve an existing product. Given the shorter life cycle of products and technology developments, new product development process in the growth, survival, and competitiveness of the utmost importance. There are several risks during new product development process; that in general, are divided into three major categories: technological risks, organizational risks, and marketing risks. According to studies, the technological risks are one of the most important risks. Perceived technological risk refers to a firm’s inability to completely understand or accurately predict some aspects of the technological environment as it relates to NPD projects. Hence identifying and reducing these risks helps to increase the success rate of the new product development process. In this research, by reviewing the literature on the areas of the new product development process, risk and risk management, 20 types of common technological risks in new product development process are extracted from the literature and using a number of experts from Malek Ashtar University of Isfahan who are specialized in this field, they are prioritized by the Analytical Network Process (ANP). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Investigation of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Agricultural Knowledge-Based business (Case Study: Tabarestan Technology Incubator)
mohammad mehdi mardanshahi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.04.004

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.13.52.8.8

Today, in many of developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Furthermore knowledge- based companies are as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries and the effective role of More

Today, in many of developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Furthermore knowledge- based companies are as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries and the effective role of information and communication technology in business development has become more evident. Therefore the purpose of this study was to Investigation of Factors Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development in Agricultural Knowledge-Based business.This research is descriptive-survey based on the method of doing and in terms of target, is functional. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and also its reliability was reported 0/793 (the Cronbach's alpha). The population of this study included 24 managers of Agricultural Knowledge-Based business, based at Tabarestan Technology Incubator. They were selected by Census method. Data analysis was carried out in two parts: a description and analysis was performed using the SPSS21 software. The results showed that Infrastructure factor is the most important component in the development of Information and Communication Technology. The Computers and Internet are the most important of Infrastructure factor and they have a fundamental role in developing business, especially agricultural knowledge-based businesses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Providing a Conceptual Framework for Product Co-Development in Knowledge Based Organizations Based on Open Innovation and Environmental Dynamics
Neda Jafari Pastaki Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary Mohsen Akbari

10.7508/jstpi.2018.01.002

20.1001.1.17355486.1396.14.53.7.2

Today, knowledge based organization are identified as economic development tools and given that, in current market, firms face turbulent operational environment, this will force firm to think about new product development. Knowledge based organization required to receiv More

Today, knowledge based organization are identified as economic development tools and given that, in current market, firms face turbulent operational environment, this will force firm to think about new product development. Knowledge based organization required to receive new idea and knowledge to produce product and service according to market, because their nature based of innovation and knowledge. So this firms rely to open innovation and building collaboration network with external partners in order to access new knowledge and technologies. One possible way to obtaining new knowledge in R&D activities, is open relationship and establish collaboration. Collaboration help to access external complementary resource, reduce innovation costs and risk, adapt to dynamic environment and generate higher revenues. One of factor that can be effective in co-development to obtain complementary idea and knowledge, is open innovation in the organization, which, by creating external technology acquisition and exploitation capabilities, help to developing and innovation products. Open innovation and co-development are two important concepts in management and knowledge based organizations literature and environmental dynamism can be perform important role in relationship between them. Thus, knowledge based organization that rely on knowledge, innovation and commercialization them, respect to open innovation and moderating environmental dynamism, can be consider to co-development. So, this paper based on previous studies and focusing on knowledge-intensive organization, to analysis of relationship open innovation on co-development with moderating role of environmental dynamism has been performed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - The Conceptual Model of the Development of Broadband Technology Aimed at Reducing Dependence on Oil in Resistance Economy Based on International Experiences
ali estaji mahdi roayaei Ahmad mohammadi

10.52547/jstpi.20597.17.66.63

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.66.1.7

Today, the importance of communication and especially the use of cyberspace, is so high that it is considered as one of the development strategies. In fact, Broadband Technology as a platform for Internet services is among the knowledge-based economy. according to the f More

Today, the importance of communication and especially the use of cyberspace, is so high that it is considered as one of the development strategies. In fact, Broadband Technology as a platform for Internet services is among the knowledge-based economy. according to the features such as the development of entrepreneurship and productivity growth, Broadband Technology has the ability to decrease the government reliance on oil revenues. The impact of technology on social and economic development of communities is undeniable, and based on the view of some experts, this technology is an important component in development of current economies. Broadband through the creation of market, new jobs, and infrastructure, and also by changing the economic system, will help economic and social development. Therefore, considering the position of broadband technology and the necessity to use it in the country in order to achieve the goals of the 20-year perspective, the institutionalization of the development and production of science and research, the increase of the share of gross national product in scientific production, the development and strengthening of the software movement, in this article the native development model Broadband technology is provided. To achieve this, two fundamental points are strict: First, take advantage of the experience of the leading countries in Broadband Technology. Second, considering the appropriateness native of our country. Considering these two principles, the national broadband development model has been clarified and the necessary requirements and measures to achieve those, expressed under the following topics: Prepare of supply and demand sides and the necessity of providing broadband infrastructure by government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Identify and Analyze the Relationship of Success Criteria in the Technology Development; Approach of Studying the Plan, Project and Portfolio
Reza Ehteshamrasi MohammadSadeq Behrouz Hamed Sufi

10.7508/jstpi.2018.03.001

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.14.55.4.7

The technology development project is a type of investment project, and it is therefore important to identify the performance indicators for the correct investment. The purpose of this research is to develop the criteria for success in the development of technology and More

The technology development project is a type of investment project, and it is therefore important to identify the performance indicators for the correct investment. The purpose of this research is to develop the criteria for success in the development of technology and to obtain a thorough analysis of the effects of the criteria on each other in order to make the right decisions on the investment path. In this research, the criteria for success in technology development are identified and categorized by a new approach from the point of view of project, plan, and portfolio differentiation. For this purpose, after identification of the criteria, their significance was measured by Likert scale questionnaire and various statistical tests such as t-test. Finally, according to the main objective of this research in relation to examining the association between success factors in each level of the project, plan and portfolio, the internal connection of the criteria was analyzed using DEMATEL method. From the results of this research, it is possible to identify and categorize the success criteria in the projects, plan and portfolios of technology development, and to identify the most influential and most important criteria in each of the project groups, plan and portfolio. Also, how to measure the impact and relevance of success metrics with each other is provided through "Network Mapping" diagrams. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - The Impact of Open Government Data and Data Innovation on Life Insurance Industry Business Development
Saeid Taheri Saeed Shavalpour

10.7508/jstpi.2018.03.007

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.14.55.8.1

The emergence of information and communication technology has enabled organizations to use this technology to generate data in their own business. In addition, organizations need to open their industry-related data, which is generally government-owned, as well as data i More

The emergence of information and communication technology has enabled organizations to use this technology to generate data in their own business. In addition, organizations need to open their industry-related data, which is generally government-owned, as well as data innovation, in order to develop their business. Today we are seeing a huge storm of data that is due to the actions of individuals, businesses and the state. It is essential to acquire the valuable information through the use and reuse of production data by opening up a large amount of data. In this way, the potential of the mass data of every sector of industry and business can effectively be used to plan, decide, and ultimately business development. Figures show the potential of open data in three areas: banking, insurance, and real estate. To add value, these data should be processed, combined or visualized. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between open government data and data innovation and business development in the life insurance industry of insurance companies. A questionnaire was used to collect data and a random sampling method was used. In this research, 127 employees of life insurers' life insurance companies were selected as the sample for answering the questionnaire. A questionnaire was distributed among different levels of insurance life insurance companies and finally 98 people participated in the completion of the questionnaire. The findings, based on the results of the hypothesis test, indicate that open government data is effective on business development, and the variable of data innovation has a mediating role.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Requirment of Native Inclusive Social Networks Development
Sahar Kousari ali sharifi Alireza Yari

10.52547/jstpi.20675.15.59.44

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.59.3.1

Social networks with more than a decade of experience in providing services and attracting countless user globally have reached a significant economic profitability. Entrance into the social networking market requires creating an innovative, entrepreneurial and secure e More

Social networks with more than a decade of experience in providing services and attracting countless user globally have reached a significant economic profitability. Entrance into the social networking market requires creating an innovative, entrepreneurial and secure environment for business. From the viewpoint of native social networking, in addition to the above requirements, this requires financial and infrastructures support as well as a comprehensive strategy. In Iran, along with the global trend of technology, numerous communication and social networks have been launched, which in most cases, their experience has not been successful. In this paper, by studying successful experiences in this field, the existential and obligatory requirements of the coverage of these networks in the country are determined and successful factors of the social network identified. Finally, based on the results obtained and modeling the successful factors of social networks from the perspective of business and users, the vast challenges of native social networks have been extracted and policies and solutions proposed for each of challenges. Attention to the needs of young people, using existing on-line social network analysis, transparency of related lows and regulations, providing incentive and infrastructure supports, considering criteria and cultural and social norms, innovating in business models and creating free-to-access; are suggested strategies for developing native social networks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - A Method for Identifying and Ranking the Risks of the New Product Development Process in the Iranian Automotive Industry Using the Method Combined ANP-DEMATEL
seyed ghasem salimi zavieh roksana fekri

10.52547/jstpi.20684.15.59.9

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.59.4.2

The rapid growth of technology, increased risk-taking in global markets and the ever-increasing changes in customer needs have put pressure on new product development teams.There are many risks in the process of developing new products in all industries intrinsically. T More

The rapid growth of technology, increased risk-taking in global markets and the ever-increasing changes in customer needs have put pressure on new product development teams.There are many risks in the process of developing new products in all industries intrinsically. Therefore, understanding, identifying and ranking the risks is of strategic importance for companies. The purpose of this study is identifying and ranking the risks in the process of developing a new product in Iran's automotive industry, based on the literature of research and specialized interviews conducted with experts, the main indicators have been identified. The main risk indicators in the new product development process are organizational, managerial, financial, manufacturing, marketing, and technical. Moreover, they are related to the phases of new product development. Therefore, these indicators will be ranked in this study. Regarding the relationship between the criteria and the sub-criteria, the DEMETL technique will be used to identify the relationship model, and based on the network of identified relationships, the network analysis process (ANP) technique has been used for ranking the criteria and Sub-criteria with Super Decision software. The result of these techniques suggests that organizational risk is the most important parameter in risk management of the new product development process and the technical risk is the least important. On the other hand, sub-criterion of incorrect planning of resources has the highest importance and sub-criterion of lack of sufficient communications is the least important in the automotive industry in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - A Pattern for Promotion of the New Product Development Success Based on Customer Involvement Capability, Customer Knowledge Absorption and Resources Slack
sadaf Veshkaeinezhad Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary Mohammad Doustar

10.7508/jstpi.2019.02.005

20.1001.1.17355486.1398.15.58.4.0

Todays, product development has faced the dramatically growth, due to the rapid changes in customers’ demands, needs and the competitiveness of the market. Success in new product development requires a deep understanding of our customers. And this necessitates an intera More

Todays, product development has faced the dramatically growth, due to the rapid changes in customers’ demands, needs and the competitiveness of the market. Success in new product development requires a deep understanding of our customers. And this necessitates an interactive and active interaction with them. New product development is a way to listen to what customers want and also, to response their needs. Creating customer participation capability causes innovative and practical ideas and enhances firms’ competitive environment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is investigating the effect of customer involvement capability on the success of the new product development. Also, this research attempts to develop previous researches by considering the effect of customer knowledge assimilation as a mediating variable and the moderating role of resources slack of company. This article is practical in term of purpose and descriptive in term of method. Questionnaire is used to collect the data. And 30 knowledge-based companies in Rasht city participated in this research. In order to test the hypotheses, the Structural Equation Modeling approach has been used. The research findings show that the customer participation capability directly and indirectly through the absorption of customer knowledge affects the success of the new product development; however, the role of resources slack as a moderated variable is not confirmed by the relation between customer knowledge assimilation and the success of new product development. Hence, knowledge-based companies need to pay particular attention to knowledge assimilation and customer involvement capability in order to succeed in new product development. As a result, they can possess an appropriate competitive position in the marketplace. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - The Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurship, Competitiveness and Economic Growth
Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh Nasrin Rostami

10.7508/jstpi.2019.01.002

20.1001.1.17355486.1397.15.57.8.8

Entrepreneurship is one of the main factors of competition and innovation among firms, as well as on the national and international scene of economics. In order to create an enabling environment for entrepreneurship, it has to be able to interact between the elements of More

Entrepreneurship is one of the main factors of competition and innovation among firms, as well as on the national and international scene of economics. In order to create an enabling environment for entrepreneurship, it has to be able to interact between the elements of competitiveness and entrepreneurship, and to use symmetric and proportionate entrepreneurial conditions to improve production and employment, and thus increase economic growth. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to examine the interaction effects of competitiveness and entrepreneurship, which ultimately lead to economic growth. In this paper, through collecting library resources and with a descriptive approach, the interrelations between different components of competitiveness and entrepreneurship, as well as their effects on economic growth, are discussed. According to the results of this research, competitiveness can be an important factor in the development of entrepreneurship activities within the country and is one of the factors of economic growth. From the social aspect, this study can also help governments to familiar with aspects of politics that favor entrepreneurial opportunities, and which factors encourage entrepreneurs to grow in a single economy. This study is also important for entrepreneurs, since it shows what aspects of the economy are important and should focus on which of the deficiencies in the economic dimension and the pillars of competitiveness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Entrepreneurial University; Higher Education Sustainable and Consistent, Leverage on the Path to Sustainable Development
HOSSEIN Samadi-Miarkolaei hamzeh Samadi-Miarkolaei

10.52547/jstpi.20851.17.65.12

20.1001.1.17355486.1399.17.65.2.2

Nowadays, the sustainable development has become an ideal and great challenge. The universities are obligated to realize this ideal in higher education, and undoubtedly, the role of universities in sustainable development is undeniable. In the meantime, the appearance o More

Nowadays, the sustainable development has become an ideal and great challenge. The universities are obligated to realize this ideal in higher education, and undoubtedly, the role of universities in sustainable development is undeniable. In the meantime, the appearance of entrepreneurial university is a response to increasingly importance of knowledge in the national and regional innovation system and new understanding of university; i.e. the institution which is counted as a factor for development, knowledge and technology transfer, and the source of creative inventions, and is good and thrifty economically. Therefore, present research is conducted to explain and investigate the entrepreneurial university model toward achievement of sustainable development in Mazandaran universities. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied research, and in terms of data gathering, is a descriptive research. First, by means of literature review and interview with experts, the primiarly questionnaire is designed and the principal indices of entrepreneurial university model are extracted. Then, the FDEMATEL is used to explore the causal relations between variables, and finally, the (FDISM) is used to design the structural model. Results showed, among explored indices, five variables play a causal role and five variables play an effectual role. Results of fuzzy weighting technique showed, among explored indices, the indices of vision, mission, and strategy in university possess the most weight and importance. Also, FDISM approach showed the variables have been categorized into seven levels, and the variables of vision, mission, and strategy in university, leadership in university, and organizational structure and design in university are more influential as infrastructural factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Investigating the Role of Computer-based Design Technologies in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Architectural Design Related Activities (Case Study: Using Building Information Modeling (BIM))
Mohammadhossein Azizibabani afsaneh zarkesh Mohammadreza Bemanian

10.52547/jstpi.20874.17.65.56

20.1001.1.17355486.1399.17.65.4.4

Environmental problems with economic and social inequalities caused by the industrial revolution led to intensifying the rise of movements and ideas in the second half of the 20th century to achieve a balanced development in different fields, which can be referred to as More

Environmental problems with economic and social inequalities caused by the industrial revolution led to intensifying the rise of movements and ideas in the second half of the 20th century to achieve a balanced development in different fields, which can be referred to as sustainable development theory. Achieving the goals of sustainable development in the field of architecture requires attention to all environmental, economic, and social aspects. Studies have shown that sustainable architecture, especially later-related movements, which utilize modern technologies in design and construction fields, are more suited to such goals. In this regard, computer-based design technologies, as effective instruments, played a significant role in achieving sustainability goals. This research investigates the amount of the effects of building information modeling (BIM) applications in different stages of the design process on achieving sustainability goals. The research method is descriptive-analytic. So indicators related to the use of BIM in sustainability achievement were collected through the library sources and case studies that contain sustainable buildings, which were designed using BIM applications. Then, by performing a hierarchical analysis based on the criteria derived from theoretical foundations, the authors concluded that the major BIM effects in achieving sustainability are due to the possibility of using dynamic analysis in the early stages of the design process, particularly the conceptual design stage as well as the establishment of effective interactions between engineers and other stakeholders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - A Comparative Study of Approaches and Implementation of Knowledge-Based Economy and Providing Suggestions for Iran
Kiarash Fartash Mohammad Reza Attarpour Amirhadi Azizi Ali Asghar Sadabadi

10.52547/jstpi.20924.17.67.10

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.67.5.3

In this paper, a comparative study of the history and different approaches of knowledge based economy as an influential concept in promoting national resilience and sustainable development in Iran and several selected countries (from developed and developing countries) More

In this paper, a comparative study of the history and different approaches of knowledge based economy as an influential concept in promoting national resilience and sustainable development in Iran and several selected countries (from developed and developing countries) is discussed. In this regard, while comparing policy making in different countries to establish a knowledge-based economy, we offer lessons learned for Iran to achieve a knowledge-based economy. One of the most important points drawn from the study of countries as joint focus points is the specific and sometimes unique nature of knowledge-based economy development policies in each country with regard to the industrial and technological context of each country. Accordingly, policies that have led to the development of a knowledge-based economy in a developing or developed country do not necessarily lead to similar results in other developing or developed countries, and may even have devastating economic consequences. It should be note that knowledge-based economics is not limited to advanced technologies. The main factor in achieving knowledge-based economics, in addition to advanced technologies, is focusing on innovation as the axis of enhancing productivity of economic activities and competitiveness that can span a range of activities. Include low and medium technology additionally, coordination and integration between players, especially policymakers and government players (institutions and organizations) at the highest levels is an essential requirement for the realization of a knowledge-based economy at national level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Identification of the Challenges of Technology Development of Network Contexts in University of Tehran Incubators
Mahdi Rezvanitabar Siamak Eslami

10.52547/jstpi.20940.16.64.14

20.1001.1.17355486.1399.16.64.7.2

Technology development is one of the ways to develop countries and one of the categories of knowledge-based economy. It is one of the major topics in incubators. The dominant view of incubators is more related to the business growth and at a higher level, it is the acce More

Technology development is one of the ways to develop countries and one of the categories of knowledge-based economy. It is one of the major topics in incubators. The dominant view of incubators is more related to the business growth and at a higher level, it is the acceleration of business for a permanent presence in the market. Fewer research can be found addressing incubators in technology development. This research identified the challenges of technology development of university incubators. This survey was applicable, and in terms of controlling variables, indirect, random and descriptive in matter exploration of library and filed in data collection, and in terms of nature, descriptive. In terms of data type, it was a qualitative type of exploration and in terms of how to collect data was field research and library research. Books, publications, internet resources, and valid databases using library studies, documentary studies, interviews and field research were used for collecting data. The result of this section was to identify the dimensions of the challenges of technology development in the university incubators. In this research, a semi-structured interview with experts is presented to identify the issues. Qualitative data analyzing has been done using (Atlas-ti®) software. All interviews are recorded, transcript-ed to word software and assigned in Atlas-ti® software. The result of coding and categorizing, including 4 categories and 16 main codes, states technology development challenges related to networking contexts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - South Korea as a suitable model for national planning in the development of blockchain technology ecosystem
Mohammad Kazem Sayadi Atefe Farazmand

10.52547/jstpi.20958.17.68.62

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.68.2.2

Blockchain is a distributed and intact database technology that can be used to store any data, including financial transactions, and has the ability to build trust in an unreliable environment. In the blockchain, trust is transferred from centralized intermediaries to t More

Blockchain is a distributed and intact database technology that can be used to store any data, including financial transactions, and has the ability to build trust in an unreliable environment. In the blockchain, trust is transferred from centralized intermediaries to technical infrastructure developers, leading to reliable transactions between nodes that are not necessarily trustworthy. Blockchain as a disruptive technology will affect the economy and governance in societies. Different blockchains run different governance mechanisms. All blockchains fall into a range that ranges from completely public and unlicensed blockchains such as Bitcoin to completely private and licensed blockchains. Blockchain, which is the basic technology of cryptocurrencies, will establish a new economic system by making deep changes in our communication methods over the Internet. This technology will change information security, transparency and governance. Due to the emphasis of this technology on security, trust and transparency, different sectors and different vertical businesses tend to use this technology. With the expansion of the use of this technology in different companies and countries, it is necessary to determine the country's plan to manage this technology. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the development of the blockchain ecosystem in the country. In this article, we review the plan and strategy of South Korea as a model for the development of this technology in our country. Then, using the program of this country, we will present the requirements for developing the blockchain ecosystem in our country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Technology standardization; An opportunity or a threat to technological innovation
mohamadreza salemi najafabadi javad fahim sohrab abdolahzadeh

10.52547/jstpi.20962.17.68.1

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.68.3.3

The history of the 21st century will be marked by technology and innovation. Technology is the new wealth of nations. Standardization plays an important role in the development of technology because these standards of technology determine the development path of that te More

The history of the 21st century will be marked by technology and innovation. Technology is the new wealth of nations. Standardization plays an important role in the development of technology because these standards of technology determine the development path of that technology. In other words, in order to develop technology, in addition to innovation, it is necessary to define standards beyond the present and in proportion to the innovations, and the success of companies depends on the fact that the intended innovations can become a standard for that technology. In other words, in addition, need innovation to develop technology, it is necessary to define standards beyond the present and in proportion to the innovations, and the success of companies depends on the fact that the intended innovations can become a standard for that technology. In this research, a descriptive-survey study, by using correlation analysis of variables and multiple regression relationships, we try to investigate the relationship between standardization and innovation in some of the country's automotive industries and determine how and what standardization affects innovation. The results of this study show that standardization generally has a positive and significant correlation with different types of innovation, which is weak in fundamental innovations compared to gradual innovations. According to the results, the automotive industry was suggested to establish standards development units in research and development departments in order to prevent the inhibitory effects of standardization on fundamental innovations in addition to increasing, reducing research and development costs, and reducing technology risk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - The model of the network of technology development in Web 5 based on the principles of soft technology development
Sasan Azimi

10.52547/jstpi.20983.17.68.42

20.1001.1.17355486.1400.17.68.6.6

A couple of technologies are growing extraordinarily and pervasive much faster and more widely than usual. Investigate their trend of development shows that their growth path is not only linear, but these technologies, years after their invention and birth, have a littl More

A couple of technologies are growing extraordinarily and pervasive much faster and more widely than usual. Investigate their trend of development shows that their growth path is not only linear, but these technologies, years after their invention and birth, have a little story and limited success, but suddenly jump and advance on a global scale. Examining the main reasons and bases of this growth shows that there are general rules in development while applying in the case of technology, lead to rapid development. This paper briefly discusses such technologies. The generations Web as a comprehensive and close case to the subject of this article - the network of technology development - are discussed. Understanding the pillar foundations of this launchpad and modeling it for the technology development network, provides the infrastructure for systematic acceleration in technology development. In this paper, the definition of each of these basic concepts is presented in accordance with the technology development network, and the implementation manner is mentioned. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Effect of Value co- Creation on the New Services Development: The Mediator Role of Intra-Organizational Coordination and Moderating Role of Technological Experience
masoud parsa Mostafa Ebrahim pour Azbary Mohammad Rahim Ramzanian

10.61186/jstpi.21035.19.73.45

20.1001.1.17355486.1401.19.73.2.2

Globalization and high-tech processes, through information technology, have doubled the pressure on service organizations in the private and public sectors to compete in new services. In developed economies, the service sector is responsible for most employment and valu More

Globalization and high-tech processes, through information technology, have doubled the pressure on service organizations in the private and public sectors to compete in new services. In developed economies, the service sector is responsible for most employment and value-added growth. As a result, more extensive studies on the development of new services and the factors influencing it are becoming more important. On the other hand, value creation is a new concept in business, marketing and innovation of organizations that has been considered with the aim of creating a competitive advantage to maintain the survival of organizations. Sharing value creation is actually the process of creating value through the interactions of organizations with other organizations, employees, customers and other partners in the market and today is the focus of managers of service organizations including the banking and insurance industry, which are central pillars of economies. The present study seeks to provide a model to investigate the impact of shared value creation directly and indirectly on the development of new services, the impact of internal coordination as a mediating factor between the two variables of value creation and new service development as well as technology experience variable as moderator of internal coordination in 41 branches. It has been done from the central branches of banks and insurance companies of Boroujerd city. This research is of an applied type with a survey strategy. Data were collected through a questionnaire and also structural equation method was used to analyze the data. The results show that the creation of shared value has both a direct and indirect positive and significant effect on the development of new services. Also, the mediating role of intra-organizational coordination and moderation of technology experience was confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - The explanation of effect of attending tech events on creation and development of startups in North Khorasan province
Arezou Haghshenas Sasan Rajablou Mehdi Haresabadi امیر امانی

10.52547/jstpi.31875.18.72.21

20.1001.1.17355486.1401.18.72.4.9

With increasing the attentions to knowledge-based economy, quality and quantity of different tech events, including Startup weekends, EleComps and Finups, has improved in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of attending such events in creation and More

With increasing the attentions to knowledge-based economy, quality and quantity of different tech events, including Startup weekends, EleComps and Finups, has improved in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of attending such events in creation and development of startups. To do so, performing a qualitative research and using semi-structured interviews on 8 companies which were based in science and technology park of North Khoarsan province, 5 major themes were obtained. The most important factors determining the efficacy of the events were found to be the quality of the event, follow ups by the organizers, motivation of the attendants, developmental communication and modifying the primary core. In conclusion this study showed that the quality tech events can help create and develop the startups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - A Simulation Model of Growth of Teams and Startups in Academic Development Centers using the System Dynamics Approach
Mohammadreza Mohamadkhani Ruhollah Tavallaei Amirhossein Mohammadinia mahdi farmani Esmail laali

10.61186/jstpi.31970.19.74.1

20.1001.1.17355486.1402.19.74.3.9

The purpose of this study is to provide a rich insight into the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. In this study, the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups were investigated using the system dynamics approach More

The purpose of this study is to provide a rich insight into the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. In this study, the factors affecting the growth of teams and startups were investigated using the system dynamics approach. At first, after reviewing the theoretical literature and the experts’ opinions, Variables affecting the growth of teams and startups were indentified and causal relationships among these variables were depicted. Then, the mathematical relations among these variables were determined and, accordingly, the study system was simulated at growth centre of technician and knowledge based units at Imam Hussein comprehensive university during the period 2016 to 2066. After designing the cause and effect diagrams, six scenarios for the growth of teams and startups were defined, which are: The growth center's share of the profits of successful companies, The effect of interaction with successful companies in promoting the level of entrepreneurial culture, The effect of effective communication with successful companies in attracting financial support for technology units, The effect of changes in the number of clients to enter the center on the system, Admission control policy and The effect of legal protections of technology units on the system. Of the six simulated scenarios, the fifth scenario has the greatest impact on the growth of teams and startups in Academic Development Centers. Therefore, the policy of maintaining the quality of services through controlling the amount of technology units entering the growth centers can be considered an effective and important policy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Investigating the effect of strategic intelligence on entrepreneurial behavior and organizational development in the university
nima ranji ali pourfalah

Entrepreneurial behavior and organizational development can provide the necessary capacity to respond effectively to environmental requirements and enable the university to be effective through purposeful development of capabilities and competencies of university mana More

Entrepreneurial behavior and organizational development can provide the necessary capacity to respond effectively to environmental requirements and enable the university to be effective through purposeful development of capabilities and competencies of university managers, technology development to achieve continuous technological innovation. In this study, the effect of strategic intelligence on entrepreneurial behavior and organizational development of the university has been investigated. This research is based on the type of applied goal. A questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of this study was university administrators in Guilan province and a sample size of 204 people was obtained through Cochran's formula. The results show that out of 10 hypotheses presented in the research, 6 hypotheses were confirmed. Strategic intelligence and organizational development have a significant effect on the organizational development of Islamic Azad universities in Gilan province. Gender, age, educational experiences and educational levels moderate the relationship between strategic intelligence and organizational development of Islamic Azad universities in Gilan province. But gender, age, educational experiences and educational levels do not moderate the relationship between strategic intelligence and entrepreneurial behavior of Islamic Azad universities in Gilan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Providing a model of indigenous R&D activities in new product development (Case Study:dairy industry)
seyed rohollah faraji hossein adab jalal haghighat monfared

10.52547/jstpi.34024.18.72.40

20.1001.1.17355486.1401.18.72.6.1

The present era is the era of knowledge and technology. In such circumstances, companies will be successful in using research and development activities in technical and economic fields and recognizing the existing local conditions to develop a strategy for the developm More

The present era is the era of knowledge and technology. In such circumstances, companies will be successful in using research and development activities in technical and economic fields and recognizing the existing local conditions to develop a strategy for the development and design of new products.The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model of indigenous research and development activities in new product development in the dairy industry. This research is applied in terms of results and is an exploratory research in terms of purpose. The qualitative part approach is based on the Grand Theory strategy. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview with 18 managers and experts in the field of research and development in the dairy industry. Sampling was performed in a purposeful and judgmental manner. The results are about causal conditions, internal and external Organizational trends.The main phenomenon is the indigenous of research and development activities. Interfering factors included organizational capabilities, legal factors, management potential and attitudes, and changes in the public environment. Underlying factors are the structure of the idea and the product, the market structure of the industry, the consumer approach, the institutional basis of research and development. Strategies include research and development knowledge mechanisms, training and human resources,financial resources, risk management, competitive and strategic mechanisms, coping with institutional weakness and customer focus. Implications also include improving the company's financial indicators, offering new products and services, improving position and productivity,exporting and upgrading indigenous knowledge and skills. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - A Development for Sustainable Business Model of Ecolodges
Hamid Hashemi mahmoud ziaei Vajhollah ghorbanizadeh mahmoud jomehpour

10.52547/jstpi.36888.18.72.1

20.1001.1.17355486.1401.18.72.7.2

Considering the increasing development of ecolodges in Iran and also their role in the development of sustainable tourism, it seems that a comprehensive and successful business model for this socio-economic institution has not yet been introduced. The purpose of this st More

Considering the increasing development of ecolodges in Iran and also their role in the development of sustainable tourism, it seems that a comprehensive and successful business model for this socio-economic institution has not yet been introduced. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the sustainability of ecolodges and propose a sustainable business model based on the knowledge of experts and managers of these businesses. The research method of this paper is qualitative and thematic analysis has been used with deductive approach and descriptive-inferential method. The required data has been provided through the analysis of semi-structured experts interviews. The research community has been the managers of successful ecolodges and knowledgeable university professors and experts in the field of entrepreneurship and tourism in the country. Purposeful judgmental sampling method was used to select the research sample and the interviews were continued until theoretical saturation. The research tools were semi-structured in-depth interviews as well as the results based on the themes obtained from the content analysis of scientific texts. The findings show that according to the proposed sustainable business model, ecolodges need to be integrated and important for all three dimensions of economy, community and environment in order to have long-term sustainability and survival. The results of this study show that the sustainability of new businesses and ecolodges depends on adopting a diverse income portfolio and trying to achieve benefits in three dimensions: economic, socio-cultural, environmental, in other words, attention to the benefits, people and land. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Identifying and prioritizing the drivers of entrepreneurship Devalopment in the Sports Industry using the OPA technique
Ali Alvandi maryam rahmaty sayyad emad hosseini

Sports entrepreneurship is one of the types of entrepreneurship that has many direct and indirect economic effects on society. Over the past few years, the world of sports has witnessed changes in sports economic policies, which has highlighted the need for the sports i More

Sports entrepreneurship is one of the types of entrepreneurship that has many direct and indirect economic effects on society. Over the past few years, the world of sports has witnessed changes in sports economic policies, which has highlighted the need for the sports industry to reduce its dependence on government budgets. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of Identifying and prioritizing the drivers of sports entrepreneurship development of sports entrepreneurship in professional clubs of the Premier Football League. This study is a mixed exploratory research that has been presented in the qualitative section using the Theme analysis technique and based on semi-structured interviews with 20 experts; in the quantitative part, then in the quantitative part, in order to prioritize the components of sports entrepreneurship, OPA technique and Lingo software were used. Accordingly, "advertising through the media, online sales, private stadiums, construction of sports complexes, talent development and grassroots teams, construction of non-sports complexes, fans, deputize, making a football documentary; and veterans" were ranked one to ten, respectively. Findings of this study can help the managers of Iranian Premier League clubs to solve the economic problems of the clubs by providing the ground for entrepreneurship development among the clubs of the Premier Football League, in addition to providing various solutions for creating entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile

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